# A system's balance section, with the filing beside it

URL: https://municorn.us/data/m36-system-balance/
Updated: 2026-09-18
Tags: data, methodology, water-loss

> **Cite as:** Municorn.us, "A system's balance section, with the filing beside it", https://municorn.us/data/m36-system-balance/ (updated 2026-09-18).
> **Licence:** CC BY 4.0 — https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ — reuse and redistribution are permitted with attribution to Municorn.us and a link to this URL.

The seven cells this site computes for one system, each labeled computed, set beside the filed lines they were computed from, and no leakage index.

A balance section sets what this site computed beside what the utility filed, so
a reader who doubts a figure can check its terms.

## The section, worked through one filing

```exhibit invented
An illustrative system's balance section for one audit year, in million gallons.

| Filed line | MG |
|---|---|
| Volume from own sources | 1,000 |
| Billed metered | 850 |
| Unbilled metered | 20 |
| Unbilled unmetered | 10 |
| Unauthorized consumption | 5 |
| Customer metering inaccuracies | 12 |
| Systematic data handling errors | 3 |

| Computed cell | MG | Label |
|---|---|---|
| Water supplied | 1,000 | computed |
| Authorized consumption | 880 | computed |
| Revenue water | 850 | computed |
| Non-revenue water | 150 | computed |
| Water losses | 120 | computed |
| Apparent losses | 20 | computed |
| Real losses | 100 | computed |
```

The supply lines a system does not have are stated zeros, and the section says
who stated them. That is why water supplied is a computed cell here and not a
copy of the first filed line.

## Every cell says it was computed

No cell is presented as a figure the utility filed. The label belongs to the
value and travels with it. Where one of a cell's terms is a state default
standing in for a measurement, the cell is labeled modeled, and the weakest term
decides.

## A missing line stops the cell

An absent line is not a zero. Where a filing does not publish one of the terms,
the cell it feeds is left blank and the rest of the section still computes.
Reading that blank as nothing would move the water into losses and raise every
figure below it.

## No leakage index appears in the section

The index divides real losses by what a system in good condition would lose
anyway. The divisor takes length of mains, service connections, private service
line length, and average operating pressure. The filed record behind these pages
holds service connections. An index printed here would be a figure this site
cannot compute, so the section prints none for any system.

_Municorn.us · https://municorn.us/data/m36-system-balance/ · CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ · updated 2026-09-18_

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