{
  "generated": "2022",
  "study": "Municorn 2026 American Water Rate and Finance Benchmark",
  "minimumCohort": 30,
  "systems": 49378,
  "published": 985,
  "counts": {
    "systems": 49378,
    "states": 66,
    "published": 985,
    "head": 485,
    "sampled": 500,
    "withFinance": 13667,
    "withIncome": 31237,
    "withBill": 1108,
    "withAffordability": 854,
    "bySize": {
      "large": 4122,
      "very small": 26466,
      "medium": 5012,
      "small": 13293,
      "very large": 485
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  },
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      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "national",
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      "p75": 1061.8,
      "p90": 1555.4,
      "mean": 901.92
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "national",
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      "p90": 1170.77,
      "mean": 41957.24
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "national",
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      "p90": 971.07,
      "mean": 25931.39
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "national",
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      "mean": 38165.46
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "national",
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      "p75": 1,
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      "mean": 1.03
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    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
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      "p75": 1.13,
      "p90": 1.64,
      "mean": 0.93
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "p90": 125313,
      "mean": 80036.11
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    {
      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: large",
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      "p25": 484.68,
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      "p75": 798.72,
      "p90": 1058.16,
      "mean": 677.75
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: large",
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      "p50": 646.13,
      "p75": 924.05,
      "p90": 1335.68,
      "mean": 799.04
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: large",
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      "p25": 312.94,
      "p50": 447.83,
      "p75": 654.46,
      "p90": 1006.44,
      "mean": 564.69
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: large",
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      "p50": 109.96,
      "p75": 262.61,
      "p90": 576.5,
      "mean": 259.41
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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      "p50": 0.7,
      "p75": 0.87,
      "p90": 1.08,
      "mean": 0.88
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    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
      "cohort": "size: large",
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      "mean": 0.7
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 86466.21
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    {
      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: medium",
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      "p25": 534.72,
      "p50": 727.92,
      "p75": 1002.9,
      "p90": 1235.16,
      "mean": 773.01
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: medium",
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      "p10": 304.84,
      "p25": 428.65,
      "p50": 588.07,
      "p75": 824.51,
      "p90": 1149.12,
      "mean": 720.82
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: medium",
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      "p25": 312,
      "p50": 456.25,
      "p75": 638.84,
      "p90": 944.23,
      "mean": 560.01
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: medium",
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      "p10": 10.03,
      "p25": 28.1,
      "p50": 90.17,
      "p75": 262.68,
      "p90": 667.8,
      "mean": 311.63
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "size: medium",
      "n": 2286,
      "p10": 0.41,
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      "p50": 0.78,
      "p75": 1,
      "p90": 1.36,
      "mean": 0.99
    },
    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
      "cohort": "size: medium",
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      "p25": 0.56,
      "p50": 0.75,
      "p75": 1.11,
      "p90": 1.42,
      "mean": 0.87
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: medium",
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      "p10": 45541.5,
      "p25": 55075.25,
      "p50": 70024.5,
      "p75": 93233.25,
      "p90": 122046,
      "mean": 78429
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    {
      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: small",
      "n": 256,
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      "p25": 555.57,
      "p50": 766.5,
      "p75": 1056.26,
      "p90": 1472.16,
      "mean": 886.73
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: small",
      "n": 5442,
      "p10": 287.75,
      "p25": 395.03,
      "p50": 536.84,
      "p75": 744.62,
      "p90": 1087.01,
      "mean": 691.32
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: small",
      "n": 4970,
      "p10": 182.14,
      "p25": 289.75,
      "p50": 428.57,
      "p75": 624.02,
      "p90": 906.72,
      "mean": 548.44
    },
    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: small",
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      "p10": 8.22,
      "p25": 26.42,
      "p50": 88.89,
      "p75": 333.48,
      "p90": 1041.48,
      "mean": 453.4
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "size: small",
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      "p10": 0.37,
      "p25": 0.59,
      "p50": 0.8,
      "p75": 1.03,
      "p90": 1.42,
      "mean": 1.07
    },
    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
      "cohort": "size: small",
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      "p25": 0.6,
      "p50": 0.9,
      "p75": 1.34,
      "p90": 1.86,
      "mean": 1.03
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "p50": 64763,
      "p75": 82474.5,
      "p90": 108617,
      "mean": 71704.25
    },
    {
      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very large",
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      "p25": 474.48,
      "p50": 567.84,
      "p75": 711.24,
      "p90": 887.02,
      "mean": 611.42
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very large",
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      "p25": 576.25,
      "p50": 738.11,
      "p75": 1173.11,
      "p90": 1573.1,
      "mean": 911.44
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very large",
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      "p10": 247.45,
      "p25": 334.7,
      "p50": 481.92,
      "p75": 732.79,
      "p90": 1207.33,
      "mean": 615.52
    },
    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very large",
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      "p25": 132.48,
      "p50": 234.08,
      "p75": 417.88,
      "p90": 690.06,
      "mean": 334.82
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "size: very large",
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      "p10": 0.42,
      "p25": 0.53,
      "p50": 0.63,
      "p75": 0.78,
      "p90": 0.99,
      "mean": 0.73
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    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
      "cohort": "size: very large",
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      "p25": 0.44,
      "p50": 0.6,
      "p75": 0.74,
      "p90": 0.86,
      "mean": 0.6
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very large",
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      "p75": 102522.75,
      "p90": 129112,
      "mean": 88659.8
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    {
      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very small",
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      "p50": 928.92,
      "p75": 1471.5,
      "p90": 2129.7,
      "mean": 1174.52
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very small",
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      "p25": 355.42,
      "p50": 509.32,
      "p75": 737.21,
      "p90": 1126.33,
      "mean": 180404.7
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very small",
      "n": 2913,
      "p10": 153.35,
      "p25": 268.53,
      "p50": 426.83,
      "p75": 674.6,
      "p90": 1103.27,
      "mean": 111602.03
    },
    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very small",
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      "p10": 27.47,
      "p25": 70.11,
      "p50": 228.4,
      "p75": 712.39,
      "p90": 3872.47,
      "mean": 285775.52
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "size: very small",
      "n": 2837,
      "p10": 0.34,
      "p25": 0.6,
      "p50": 0.81,
      "p75": 1.1,
      "p90": 1.57,
      "mean": 1.12
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    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
      "cohort": "size: very small",
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      "p50": 0.99,
      "p75": 1.51,
      "p90": 2.12,
      "mean": 1.24
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "size: very small",
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      "p25": 60072,
      "p50": 76498,
      "p75": 100833,
      "p90": 130987,
      "mean": 84369.49
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: Midwest",
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      "p25": 395.96,
      "p50": 536.93,
      "p75": 741.94,
      "p90": 1056.09,
      "mean": 64030.88
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: Midwest",
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      "p10": 200.19,
      "p25": 296.52,
      "p50": 422.88,
      "p75": 600,
      "p90": 847.28,
      "mean": 26578.07
    },
    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: Midwest",
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      "p10": 12.97,
      "p25": 36.07,
      "p50": 121.86,
      "p75": 366.94,
      "p90": 1100.87,
      "mean": 71251.41
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "region: Midwest",
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      "p10": 0.41,
      "p25": 0.6,
      "p50": 0.76,
      "p75": 1,
      "p90": 1.33,
      "mean": 0.95
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: Midwest",
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      "p25": 55911,
      "p50": 67813,
      "p75": 84140,
      "p90": 105132,
      "mean": 73213.44
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: Northeast",
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      "p25": 418.53,
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      "p75": 799.39,
      "p90": 1140.07,
      "mean": 935.02
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: Northeast",
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      "p25": 284.72,
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      "p75": 609.6,
      "p90": 926.88,
      "mean": 787.51
    },
    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: Northeast",
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      "p25": 27.68,
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      "p75": 301.21,
      "p90": 741.82,
      "mean": 545.42
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "region: Northeast",
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      "p50": 0.73,
      "p75": 0.94,
      "p90": 1.19,
      "mean": 1.06
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: Northeast",
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      "mean": 91988.28
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: Other",
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      "mean": 63362.76
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: South",
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      "p90": 1083.62,
      "mean": 7905.93
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: South",
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      "p90": 1000.84,
      "mean": 6061.01
    },
    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: South",
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      "p75": 262.17,
      "p90": 673.74,
      "mean": 9131.7
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "region: South",
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      "mean": 1.01
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    {
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      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "mean": 74781.44
    },
    {
      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 901.92
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "region: West",
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 75832.11
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      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
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      "mean": 41494.41
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
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      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
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      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "p90": 886.41,
      "mean": 7914.48
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "p90": 698.09,
      "mean": 6459.28
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 3400.19
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "mean": 56999.64
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      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "p90": 901.35,
      "mean": 33335.02
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 17128.63
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 54323
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "p90": 1253.91,
      "mean": 1075.2
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "p90": 993.44,
      "mean": 829.46
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: AZ",
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      "mean": 416.51
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "state: AZ",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "p90": 117332.5,
      "mean": 74634.46
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      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 901.92
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: CA",
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      "p90": 2528.85,
      "mean": 295904.23
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: CA",
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      "mean": 306677.3
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 344387.73
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
      "cohort": "state: CA",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 12009.3
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: CO",
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      "p90": 1295.39,
      "mean": 6295.96
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 2398.15
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "mean": 4375.5
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 3550.07
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "cohort": "state: FL",
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      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "mean": 5103.11
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 1199.2
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: IA",
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: IL",
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: IL",
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      "mean": 1320.32
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
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      "mean": 10892.82
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "mean": 4192.63
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 6746.51
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: TX",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "mean": 88250.75
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      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "mean": 865.92
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      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 502.99
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "mean": 56060.4
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      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 31671.36
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: VA",
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      "mean": 198838.91
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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      "mean": 0.72
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 81735.4
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: VT",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 742.05
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: WA",
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      "mean": 557.17
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: WA",
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      "mean": 401.05
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 98963.7
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      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "mean": 3329.02
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: WI",
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      "mean": 1213.78
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    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: WI",
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      "mean": 1088.88
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "state: WV",
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      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
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    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
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      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
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    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
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      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
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      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
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      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
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    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
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      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
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      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
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      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
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      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
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      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
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      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
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    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
      "cohort": "structure: uniform",
      "n": 331,
      "p10": 0.36,
      "p25": 0.6,
      "p50": 0.88,
      "p75": 1.31,
      "p90": 1.8,
      "mean": 1.04
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "structure: uniform",
      "n": 400,
      "p10": 50917,
      "p25": 62858.25,
      "p50": 84207,
      "p75": 112353,
      "p90": 158997.4,
      "mean": 93659.22
    },
    {
      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: city",
      "n": 197,
      "p10": 351.98,
      "p25": 458.76,
      "p50": 606.06,
      "p75": 798.48,
      "p90": 1000.08,
      "mean": 643.95
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: city",
      "n": 11326,
      "p10": 291.83,
      "p25": 399.42,
      "p50": 549.77,
      "p75": 765.89,
      "p90": 1098.93,
      "mean": 768.77
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: city",
      "n": 10512,
      "p10": 193.06,
      "p25": 293.15,
      "p50": 426.58,
      "p75": 613.59,
      "p90": 894.74,
      "mean": 588.91
    },
    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: city",
      "n": 4627,
      "p10": 10.01,
      "p25": 31.32,
      "p50": 104.1,
      "p75": 301.31,
      "p90": 791.19,
      "mean": 413.63
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "owner: city",
      "n": 10364,
      "p10": 0.39,
      "p25": 0.57,
      "p50": 0.76,
      "p75": 1,
      "p90": 1.38,
      "mean": 0.99
    },
    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
      "cohort": "owner: city",
      "n": 197,
      "p10": 0.39,
      "p25": 0.5,
      "p50": 0.67,
      "p75": 0.9,
      "p90": 1.21,
      "mean": 0.74
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: city",
      "n": 11128,
      "p10": 41000,
      "p25": 50336.75,
      "p50": 61979,
      "p75": 76623,
      "p90": 96463.7,
      "mean": 66712.88
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: county",
      "n": 67,
      "p10": 257.92,
      "p25": 354.11,
      "p50": 510.05,
      "p75": 724.61,
      "p90": 1203.66,
      "mean": 11925.65
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: county",
      "n": 63,
      "p10": 161.36,
      "p25": 287.13,
      "p50": 434.52,
      "p75": 617.9,
      "p90": 845.98,
      "mean": 543.32
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "owner: county",
      "n": 62,
      "p10": 0.43,
      "p25": 0.59,
      "p50": 0.76,
      "p75": 1.21,
      "p90": 1.67,
      "mean": 0.92
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: county",
      "n": 51,
      "p10": 54042,
      "p25": 62351,
      "p50": 80614,
      "p75": 100800,
      "p90": 127715,
      "mean": 85262.73
    },
    {
      "metric": "annualBill72Hcf",
      "label": "Annual residential water bill at 72 HCF",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: special district",
      "n": 155,
      "p10": 417.43,
      "p25": 603.42,
      "p50": 793.92,
      "p75": 1064.79,
      "p90": 1270.51,
      "mean": 838.34
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: special district",
      "n": 1740,
      "p10": 261.13,
      "p25": 461.22,
      "p50": 660.01,
      "p75": 1071.48,
      "p90": 2122.52,
      "mean": 323495.88
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: special district",
      "n": 1717,
      "p10": 147.35,
      "p25": 323.35,
      "p50": 540.25,
      "p75": 921.56,
      "p90": 1759.09,
      "mean": 188611.91
    },
    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: special district",
      "n": 950,
      "p10": 20.51,
      "p25": 56.71,
      "p50": 183.7,
      "p75": 501.11,
      "p90": 1714.96,
      "mean": 234258.24
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "owner: special district",
      "n": 1643,
      "p10": 0.36,
      "p25": 0.58,
      "p50": 0.82,
      "p75": 1.05,
      "p90": 1.37,
      "mean": 1.1
    },
    {
      "metric": "affordabilityPct",
      "label": "Annual water bill as a share of median household income",
      "unit": "pct",
      "cohort": "owner: special district",
      "n": 127,
      "p10": 0.39,
      "p25": 0.54,
      "p50": 0.71,
      "p75": 1.01,
      "p90": 1.34,
      "mean": 0.84
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: special district",
      "n": 1344,
      "p10": 53505,
      "p25": 65648.75,
      "p50": 86515.5,
      "p75": 113944.75,
      "p90": 147329.2,
      "mean": 93998.34
    },
    {
      "metric": "revenuePerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility revenue per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: township",
      "n": 525,
      "p10": 287.31,
      "p25": 417.53,
      "p50": 577.11,
      "p75": 801.51,
      "p90": 1156.44,
      "mean": 1263.07
    },
    {
      "metric": "operationsPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility operating cost per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: township",
      "n": 456,
      "p10": 200,
      "p25": 295.67,
      "p50": 422.71,
      "p75": 654.86,
      "p90": 949.56,
      "mean": 1100.47
    },
    {
      "metric": "constructionPerConnectionUsd",
      "label": "Water utility capital spending per connection",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: township",
      "n": 283,
      "p10": 7.79,
      "p25": 24.23,
      "p50": 84.67,
      "p75": 258.11,
      "p90": 705.65,
      "mean": 893.55
    },
    {
      "metric": "operatingRatio",
      "label": "Operating cost as a share of revenue",
      "unit": "ratio",
      "cohort": "owner: township",
      "n": 438,
      "p10": 0.41,
      "p25": 0.58,
      "p50": 0.77,
      "p75": 0.98,
      "p90": 1.3,
      "mean": 1.52
    },
    {
      "metric": "medianHouseholdIncomeUsd",
      "label": "Median household income in the service territory",
      "unit": "usd",
      "cohort": "owner: township",
      "n": 443,
      "p10": 57763.6,
      "p25": 70284,
      "p50": 92295,
      "p75": 128773,
      "p90": 163892.8,
      "mean": 103429.5
    }
  ]
}
